#flashcards
what is the circuit model of an "Actual Capacitor"
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![[Pasted image 20260123125914.png]]
![[Pasted image 20260123125955.png]]

#flashcards/capacitors 
explain what the resonant frequency of a model non-ideal capacitor
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it's the frequency where the reactances between the capacitor and the parasitic inductance (ESL) cancel (magnitudes same, 180 degrees out of phase)


#flashcards/control 
when ==A is large==, the gain from input to output is essentially ==1/B== ![[Pasted image 20260127094513.png]]

#flashcards/circuits 
the average power $P_{avg}$ has what relationship to voltage?
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$$P_{avg} = \dfrac{V_{rms}^2}{R}$$
where both avg and rms are done over an interval $[t_0, t_0 + T]$

#flashcards/electromagnetism 
Sources of emf include:
- ==electric generators==
- ==batteries==
- ==thermocouples==
- ==fuel cells==
- ==photovoltaic cells,==