I firmly believe that standard site colors should simply be CSS colors.
At present, the spec indicates that colors would be stored as distinct RGB values.
I believe this is both limiting and wasteful.
I believe it is limiting in the CSS colors can be far more sophisticated than just RGB.
I believe it is wasteful because the hex representation takes a lot less space than putting it in three named json properties.
I'd also go a small notch further: anytime standard.site is thinking of closely duplicating something that is a standard CSS type, I believe it should probably just a CSS value.
I think I have a pretty strong preference for including data as an object instead of a string where possible. It means that users of these records don't have to do further parsing to check that values are valid, or to extract out the data they need, which they may have to do if they're working in an environment without a CSS engine, (native apps? TUI's maybe?).
I agree limiting to just RGB is an artificial constraint, the theme properties are set up as a union to explicitly allow future extension, so if there are specific color values people need, we could absolutely add em. In the long term it's possible that a color lexicon would have a better home somewhere else, and that could plausibly fully represent CSS colors.
In general, I don't know how much is borrowable from CSS, it's got a much wider scope than standard.site, and I think allowing for all those possibilities makes coordination harder.