papers/keymaps: live-coding mini-notations + verify §6.2 sources

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papers/arxiv-keymaps/RESEARCH-PLAN.md

··· 153 153 - **Galloway 2004** — *Protocol*. *(Already in `arxiv-url-tradition`; reuse.)* 154 154 - **Emerson 2014** — *Reading Writing Interfaces*, Minnesota. 155 155 156 - ### 6.2 Needs verification before citing 156 + ### 6.2 Verification log (2026-05-02) 157 157 158 - (Verify before drafting; flagged in the dossier as such.) 158 + All §6.2 items used in the current draft have been verified against 159 + primary sources. Items not used in the draft are marked PARKED. 159 160 160 - - Sholes 1873 patent number for the QWERTY arrangement specifically. 161 - - Maltron — Lillian Malt PIRA Symposium 1977 paper as primary source. 162 - - Lippens layout dating. 163 - - AXiS-49 / C-Thru / Thummer dates. 164 - - Continuum Fingerboard (Lippold Haken) primary date. 165 - - Hohner harmonica blow/draw notation first canonical citation. 166 - - Whether FL Studio's QWERTY-piano default *actually* differs from Ableton/Logic/GarageBand (the paper's strongest counter-example, so this matters). 167 - - Bratton "stack of conventions" — the closer attested phrase is "accidental megastructure"; either reword our usage or find primary text. 168 - - Star "Ethnography of Infrastructure" (1999) full citation. 169 - - Cohost authorship on the AI-era extension of "Turing Complete User." 161 + - **Maltron — Malt 1977 PIRA paper.** ✓ VERIFIED. *Keyboard Design in 162 + the Electronic Era*, Printing Industry Research Association 163 + Symposium Paper No. 6, September 1977. Bib `malt1977keyboard` is 164 + correct. 165 + - **AXiS-49 / C-Thru.** ✓ VERIFIED. Released June 2008; layout 166 + ("Harmonic Table") devised 1983 by Peter Davies. Bib 167 + `cthru2008axis49` is correct. 168 + - **Plamondon Thummer.** ✓ VERIFIED. Thumtronics founded September 169 + 2003 by Plamondon. Bib `plamondon2003thummer` is correct. 170 + - **Continuum Fingerboard / Haken.** ✓ VERIFIED. Haken, Tellman & 171 + Wolfe, *An Indiscrete Music Keyboard*, *Computer Music Journal* 172 + 22(1):30--48, 1998. Bib `haken1998indiscrete` is correct. 173 + - **Star *Ethnography of Infrastructure* (1999).** ✓ VERIFIED. 174 + *American Behavioral Scientist* 43(3):377--391, DOI 175 + 10.1177/00027649921955326. Bib `star1999ethnography` is correct. 176 + - **FL Studio chromatic-staircase row choice.** ✓ VERIFIED in prose 177 + via `imageline_typing_piano`. Paper distinguishes FL's bottom-row 178 + use from Ableton/Logic/GarageBand's home-row use. 179 + - **Sholes 1873 patent.** PARKED. Paper cites the 1868 patent (US 180 + 79,265 — Sholes, Glidden, Soulé) and follows Yasuoka & Yasuoka 181 + 2011 for the post-1868 in-house finalization at Remington. The 182 + 1873-specific patent reference was not needed once Yasuoka was 183 + load-bearing. 184 + - **Lippens layout dating.** PARKED. Not used in current draft. 185 + - **Hohner harmonica blow/draw.** PARKED. Not used in current draft. 186 + - **Bratton "stack of conventions."** PARKED. `bratton2016stack` is 187 + in the bib but not cited in current draft. 188 + - **Cohost AI-era *Turing Complete User* extension.** PARKED. Not 189 + used in current draft. Reconsider if/when a v2 expansion brings the 190 + AI-era user back into scope. 191 + 192 + ### 6.3 Added during drafting (2026-05-02) 193 + 194 + Verified before adding to the bib: 195 + 196 + - **Peres et al. 2004** — *Keyboard Shortcut Usage: The Roles of 197 + Social Factors and Computer Experience*, HFES Annual Meeting 198 + proceedings 48(5):803--807. Empirical foundation for the 199 + social-software propagation claim. 200 + - **Wang, Tory & Forbes 2020** — *KeyMap: Improving Keyboard Shortcut 201 + Vocabulary Using Norman's Mapping*, CHI '20. "Vocabulary" framing. 202 + - **Lozhkina, Anslow & Marquardt 2025** — *The Role of Social 203 + Interactions in the Interaction Discovery of Keyboard Shortcuts*, 204 + IHM '25. Recent extension of Peres. 205 + - **Beaudouin-Lafon et al. 2021** — *AZERTY amélioré: Computational 206 + Design on a National Scale*, *Communications of the ACM* 64(2). 207 + Federation-crystallization case for the BÉPO/AZERTY-amélioré line. 208 + - **McLean & Wiggins 2010** — *Tidal: Pattern Language for the Live 209 + Coding of Music*, SMC '10. Original TidalCycles mini-notation. 210 + - **Roos & McLean 2023** — *Strudel: Live Coding on the Web*, ICLC 211 + '23. Tidal's mini-notation ported to JavaScript. 212 + - **Jack 2018** — *Hydra*, browser-based live-coding visuals. 213 + Notation-as-transform-chain analogue for visuals. 170 214 171 215 --- 172 216

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papers/arxiv-keymaps/keymaps.tex

··· 209 209 210 210 \texttt{notepat}'s ``notes-name-themselves'' design has, as a structural side-effect, a notation that costs nothing to learn. To write a notepat sequence, one writes \texttt{C D E F G A B} --- which is also standard music notation. The notation is not invented for \texttt{notepat}; it is \emph{inherited} from an existing literacy. A pianist who has never seen a notepat keymap can read a notepat score; conversely, a notepat performer who learns the keymap is also rehearsing standard pitch-letter literacy. This is what a well-designed notation surface looks like: the notation is so trivially derivable from prior knowledge that learning the notation costs nothing. Ableton's chromatic-staircase, in contrast, would require a notepat-like score to be re-coded as \texttt{A S D F G H J} --- a private notation tethered to one keymap, useful nowhere else. 211 211 212 - The empirical literature on keyboard shortcut adoption supports this reading. Peres et al.\ found that working alongside other shortcut users is a stronger predictor of shortcut use than computer experience alone~\citep{peres2004shortcut}. Lozhkina et al.\ extend the result: the discovery channel for shortcuts is interpersonal and visual~\citep{lozhkina2025discovery}. Wang et al.\ explicitly use the term \emph{vocabulary} to name what shortcut design hands a user~\citep{wang2020keymap}. The argument of this paper sharpens those findings: the social mediation is not a generic effect of being-around-other-users; it is a specific transmission via the notation surface. Colleagues read each other's screens, see \texttt{:wq}, ask, learn. Where there is no transmissible notation, there is no social mediation to mediate. The same logic explains the success of live-coding mini-notations like Strudel~\citep{roos2023strudel} and ABC notation~\citep{walshaw_abc}: the runtime is contingent; the notation carries the practice. 212 + The empirical literature on keyboard shortcut adoption supports this reading. Peres et al.\ found that working alongside other shortcut users is a stronger predictor of shortcut use than computer experience alone~\citep{peres2004shortcut}. Lozhkina et al.\ extend the result: the discovery channel for shortcuts is interpersonal and visual~\citep{lozhkina2025discovery}. Wang et al.\ explicitly use the term \emph{vocabulary} to name what shortcut design hands a user~\citep{wang2020keymap}. The argument of this paper sharpens those findings: the social mediation is not a generic effect of being-around-other-users; it is a specific transmission via the notation surface. Colleagues read each other's screens, see \texttt{:wq}, ask, learn. Where there is no transmissible notation, there is no social mediation to mediate. The same logic explains the success of live-coding mini-notations: Alex McLean and Geraint Wiggins's TidalCycles pattern language~\citep{mclean2010tidal}, ported to JavaScript as Strudel~\citep{roos2023strudel}, and Olivia Jack's Hydra transform-chains for live-coded visuals~\citep{jack2018hydra}, alongside ABC notation for folk music~\citep{walshaw_abc}. In each case the runtime is contingent --- Haskell, JavaScript, WebGL, MIDI players --- but the notation carries the practice across runtimes, workshops, and decades. 213 213 214 214 The corollary catalog of \textsection\ref{sec:corollaries} is, when read through this lens, almost entirely a catalog of notations. Singmaster, Nashville, ABC, IPA, Camelot, fighting-game numpad notation, scientific pitch, the NATO spelling alphabet, knitting abbreviations --- each is a notation derived from a keymap (or input mapping) that allowed the underlying practice to travel as text. The keymap-notation pair is the unit. The keymap supplies the affordance; the notation supplies the propagation surface. 215 215 ··· 245 245 Helmholtz / Scientific pitch & Helmholtz (1863) / Sauveur (1713) & Music & Acoustics textbooks + MIDI documentation \\ 246 246 Camelot Wheel & Davis (1991) & DJing & Mixed In Key + every key-detection tool \\ 247 247 Numpad notation (236P, 623K) & \emph{conv.} (Japanese FGC) & Fighting games & Wikis, matchmaking subreddits \\ 248 + TidalCycles mini-notation & McLean \& Wiggins (2010) & Live-coded music & Tidal Club + workshops + GitHub patterns~\citep{mclean2010tidal} \\ 249 + Strudel mini-notation & Roos \& McLean (2023) & Live-coded music & Browser editor + ICLC pedagogy; ported from Tidal~\citep{roos2023strudel} \\ 250 + Hydra transform chains & Jack (2018) & Live-coded visuals & Browser + gists + \texttt{sketch.hydra.ojack.xyz}~\citep{jack2018hydra} \\ 248 251 IPA & IPA Association (1888) & Phonetics & Federation-standardized; revised at Kiel 1989 \\ 249 252 NATO spelling alphabet & ICAO (1956) & Aviation & Federation-standardized \\ 250 253 Controller buttons (A/B/X/Y, $\triangle$$\bigcirc$$\times$$\square$) & Nintendo (1990) / Goto (1994) & Games & Cross-platform ports must ship both labels \\

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papers/arxiv-keymaps/references.bib

··· 515 515 note = {Strudel ports TidalCycles' mini-notation to JavaScript. The notation, not the runtime, is what travels --- a live-coding case of the notation-as-discursive-surface argument.}, 516 516 } 517 517 518 + @inproceedings{mclean2010tidal, 519 + author = {McLean, Alex and Wiggins, Geraint}, 520 + title = {Tidal: Pattern Language for the Live Coding of Music}, 521 + booktitle = {Proceedings of the 7th Sound and Music Computing Conference ({SMC} '10)}, 522 + year = {2010}, 523 + note = {The original TidalCycles mini-notation: a small declarative pattern language for cyclic events, embedded in Haskell. The mini-notation has since been ported to Strudel (web) and is taught as a stand-alone notation in workshops and Tidal Club.}, 524 + } 525 + 526 + @misc{jack2018hydra, 527 + author = {Jack, Olivia}, 528 + title = {Hydra: Live Coding Networked Visuals}, 529 + year = {2018}, 530 + howpublished = {Open-source software, \url{https://hydra.ojack.xyz/}}, 531 + note = {Browser-based live-coding visual environment. The Hydra notation (chained transform calls like \texttt{osc(20).rotate(0.5).out()}) propagates through workshop pedagogy, gist sharing, and \url{sketch.hydra.ojack.xyz} examples --- a visuals counterpart to Tidal's audio mini-notation.}, 532 + } 533 + 518 534 % --- ADDITIONAL SISTER-PAPER CITATIONS (for future integration) --- 519 535 % 520 536 % arxiv-url-tradition/references.bib:

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