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feat: systemd-boot for Mac EFI + paper citations batch

Flash helper now uses systemd-boot instead of chainloader for the Mac
EFI partition — bypasses LoadImage entirely so Mac firmware can boot
the 270MB kernel. Builds a slim kernel (no embedded initramfs) alongside
the full one. systemd-boot loads kernel + initramfs separately via
EFI handover protocol.

Papers: added e-waste stats, ChromeOS Flex, Moglen/FreedomBox to OS
paper; post-COVID laptop orchestra status + ChucK/SLOrk detail to
PLOrk paper; Ukeles maintenance art to AC paper; McLuhan + predecessor
tools to notepat paper. RESEARCH-DIRECTION.md checklist updated.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.6 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

Jeffrey Alan Scudder c9ea61c6 37c1add6

+169 -134
+1
fedac/native/Dockerfile.flash-helper
··· 7 7 8 8 COPY fedac/native/scripts/media-layout.sh /usr/local/lib/ac-media-layout.sh 9 9 COPY fedac/native/scripts/flash-helper-runner.sh /usr/local/bin/ac-os-flash-helper 10 + COPY fedac/native/boot/systemd-bootx64.efi /usr/local/lib/systemd-bootx64.efi 10 11 11 12 RUN chmod +x /usr/local/bin/ac-os-flash-helper 12 13
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fedac/native/ac-os
··· 612 612 sudo cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage "${VMLINUZ}" 613 613 sudo chown $(whoami) "${VMLINUZ}" 614 614 log "Kernel: $(du -sh "${VMLINUZ}" | cut -f1)" 615 + 616 + # Also build a slim kernel WITHOUT embedded initramfs for Mac EFI boot. 617 + # Mac firmware can't load a 270MB EFI application. The slim kernel (~15MB) 618 + # loads via systemd-boot, which then provides the initramfs separately. 619 + log "Building slim kernel (no embedded initramfs) for Mac boot..." 620 + sed -i 's|^CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=.*|CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=""|' "${LINUX_DIR}/.config" 621 + sudo rm -f "${LINUX_DIR}/usr/initramfs_data.o" "${LINUX_DIR}/usr/.initramfs_data.o.cmd" 622 + make -j$(nproc) bzImage 2>&1 | tail -1 623 + sudo cp arch/x86/boot/bzImage "${BUILD_DIR}/vmlinuz-slim" 624 + sudo chown $(whoami) "${BUILD_DIR}/vmlinuz-slim" 625 + log "Slim kernel: $(du -sh "${BUILD_DIR}/vmlinuz-slim" | cut -f1)" 626 + # Restore config for next build 627 + sed -i 's|^CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE=.*|CONFIG_INITRAMFS_SOURCE="initramfs.cpio.lz4"|' "${LINUX_DIR}/.config" 615 628 } 616 629 617 630 record_build() {
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fedac/native/scripts/flash-helper-runner.sh
··· 80 80 # This is discoverable by all UEFI firmware including Intel Macs. 81 81 cp "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" "${mountpoint}/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI" 82 82 ;; 83 + systemd-boot) 84 + # Use systemd-boot as BOOTX64.EFI with SLIM kernel + separate initramfs. 85 + # Mac EFI can't load a 270MB kernel. The slim kernel (~15MB) has no 86 + # embedded initramfs. systemd-boot loads both via linux + initrd. 87 + local sdboot="/usr/local/lib/systemd-bootx64.efi" 88 + [ ! -f "${sdboot}" ] && sdboot="/repo/fedac/native/boot/systemd-bootx64.efi" 89 + [ ! -f "${sdboot}" ] && sdboot="/workspaces/aesthetic-computer/fedac/native/boot/systemd-bootx64.efi" 90 + cp "${sdboot}" "${mountpoint}/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI" 91 + # Use slim kernel if available, fall back to full kernel 92 + if [ -f "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL-SLIM.EFI" ]; then 93 + cp "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL-SLIM.EFI" "${mountpoint}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" 94 + else 95 + cp "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" "${mountpoint}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" 96 + fi 97 + # Separate initramfs for systemd-boot to load 98 + if [ -f "${STAGED_ROOT}/initramfs.cpio.lz4" ]; then 99 + cp "${STAGED_ROOT}/initramfs.cpio.lz4" "${mountpoint}/initramfs.cpio.lz4" 100 + fi 101 + # systemd-boot loader config 102 + mkdir -p "${mountpoint}/loader/entries" 103 + printf 'default ac-native.conf\ntimeout 3\n' > "${mountpoint}/loader/loader.conf" 104 + cat > "${mountpoint}/loader/entries/ac-native.conf" << 'SDBOOT_EOF' 105 + title AC Native OS 106 + linux /EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI 107 + initrd /initramfs.cpio.lz4 108 + options console=tty0 loglevel=7 init=/init nomodeset efi=noruntime 109 + SDBOOT_EOF 110 + ;; 83 111 *) 84 112 err "Unknown VFAT boot mode: ${boot_mode}" 85 113 return 1 ··· 158 186 sha256sum /mnt/ac-main/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" 159 187 umount /mnt/ac-main 160 188 161 - # Partition 2 (ACEFI): chainloader BOOTX64.EFI + KERNEL.EFI 189 + # Partition 2 (ACEFI): systemd-boot BOOTX64.EFI + KERNEL.EFI 162 190 mount_vfat_partition "${efi_part}" /mnt/ac-efi 163 191 test -f /mnt/ac-efi/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI 164 192 test -f /mnt/ac-efi/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI 193 + test -f /mnt/ac-efi/loader/entries/ac-native.conf 165 194 sha256sum /mnt/ac-efi/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI "${STAGED_ROOT}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" 166 195 umount /mnt/ac-efi 167 196 ··· 237 266 238 267 # Partition 1 (ACBOOT): config + kernel as KERNEL.EFI (for AC initramfs to find) 239 268 copy_boot_tree_to_vfat "${MAIN_PART}" /mnt/ac-main yes kernel-only 240 - # Partition 2 (ACEFI): chainloader BOOTX64.EFI (51KB) + KERNEL.EFI (270MB) 241 - # Mac EFI firmware can't load a 270MB EFI application directly. 242 - # The small chainloader loads fine, then loads KERNEL.EFI itself. 243 - copy_boot_tree_to_vfat "${EFI_PART}" /mnt/ac-efi no chainloader 269 + # Partition 2 (ACEFI): systemd-boot (134KB) + KERNEL.EFI (270MB) 270 + # Mac EFI firmware can't LoadImage a 270MB PE/COFF. splash.efi also 271 + # uses LoadImage internally and fails the same way. systemd-boot uses 272 + # the EFI handover protocol to load the kernel directly into memory, 273 + # bypassing LoadImage entirely. 274 + copy_boot_tree_to_vfat "${EFI_PART}" /mnt/ac-efi no systemd-boot 244 275 populate_mac_partition "${MAC_PART}" /mnt/ac-mac 245 276 246 277 sync
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fedac/native/scripts/media-layout.sh
··· 99 99 cp "${bootloader_path}" "${stage_root}/EFI/BOOT/BOOTX64.EFI" 100 100 cp "${kernel_path}" "${stage_root}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL.EFI" 101 101 cp "${config_path}" "${stage_root}/config.json" 102 + 103 + # Stage slim kernel + initramfs for Mac boot (systemd-boot mode) 104 + local kernel_dir 105 + kernel_dir="$(dirname "${kernel_path}")" 106 + local slim="${kernel_dir}/vmlinuz-slim" 107 + local initramfs="${kernel_dir}/initramfs.cpio.lz4" 108 + if [ -f "${slim}" ]; then 109 + cp "${slim}" "${stage_root}/EFI/BOOT/KERNEL-SLIM.EFI" 110 + fi 111 + if [ -f "${initramfs}" ]; then 112 + cp "${initramfs}" "${stage_root}/initramfs.cpio.lz4" 113 + fi 102 114 } 103 115 104 116 ac_stage_boot_media_tree() {
+10 -9
papers/RESEARCH-DIRECTION.md
··· 1 1 # Research Direction · Aesthetic Computer 2 2 3 - **Last updated**: 2026-03-18 3 + **Last updated**: 2026-03-28 4 4 **Author**: @jeffrey — [ORCID 0009-0007-4460-4913](https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4460-4913) 5 5 6 6 --- ··· 24 24 - [ ] Add figures: PLOrk vs AC OS cost scaling chart, surplus hardware photo grid, ensemble network diagram 25 25 - [ ] Get exact PLOrk equipment cost figures from Trueman 2006/2007 papers (currently estimated) 26 26 - [ ] Add real AC OS ensemble performance test results (latency, voice count, network throughput) 27 - - [ ] Cite Ge Wang's ChucK papers more specifically for SLOrk technical details 27 + - [x] Cite Ge Wang's ChucK papers more specifically for SLOrk technical details — prose strengthened 2026-03-28 28 28 - [ ] Add section on software-defined spatialization (distributed speakers as emergent hemispherical speaker) 29 - - [ ] Research and cite post-COVID laptop orchestra status (many dissolved?) 29 + - [x] Research and cite post-COVID laptop orchestra status (many dissolved?) — prose added in Related Work 2026-03-28 30 30 - [ ] Consider NIME 2027 submission (laptop orchestras + new instruments = core NIME topic) 31 31 32 32 ### 0b. AC Native OS '26 (arXiv — `arxiv-os/os.tex`) ··· 35 35 **Core argument**: Flashing surplus commodity laptops with a bare-metal creative OS offers a post-OLPC, post-Apple model of personal computing — deeper personalization at lower cost with zero infrastructure 36 36 **What's needed**: 37 37 - [ ] Add figures: boot splash screenshot, architecture diagram, cost comparison chart 38 - - [ ] Cite Eben Moglen / FreedomBox — community-owned infrastructure lineage 39 - - [ ] Cite e-waste statistics (UN Global E-waste Monitor 2024) for the surplus hardware argument 38 + - [x] Cite Eben Moglen / FreedomBox — community-owned infrastructure lineage — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-28 39 + - [x] Cite e-waste statistics (UN Global E-waste Monitor 2024) for the surplus hardware argument — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-28 40 40 - [ ] Add real performance benchmarks (boot time breakdown, frame timing, memory usage) 41 41 - [ ] Reference FedAC kiosk variant as the Fedora-based predecessor 42 - - [ ] Consider citing ChromeOS / CloudReady as the incumbent surplus-laptop OS 42 + - [x] Consider citing ChromeOS / CloudReady as the incumbent surplus-laptop OS — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-28 43 43 - [ ] Add section on security model (no network services, no writable rootfs, EFI-only persistence) 44 44 - [ ] Pull hardware compatibility test results from different surplus laptop models 45 45 - [x] Cite Ted Nelson *Computer Lib / Dream Machines* — personal computing philosophy lineage (BibTeX added 2026-03-18) ··· 52 52 - [x] Cite McLuhan "Understanding Media" — BibTeX added 2026-03-18 53 53 - [x] Cite Ted Nelson *Computer Lib / Dream Machines* — BibTeX added 2026-03-18 54 54 - [x] Cite Montfort et al. *10 PRINT* — procedural generation / randomness in computation — BibTeX added 2026-03-18 55 - - [ ] Cite Ukeles "Manifesto for Maintenance Art" — AC's maintenance-as-practice philosophy (ants, upkeep) 55 + - [x] Cite Ukeles "Manifesto for Maintenance Art" — AC's maintenance-as-practice philosophy (ants, upkeep) — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-28 56 56 - [x] Cite Roos & McLean "Strudel" (ICLC 2023) — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-18 57 57 - [x] Cite Staunæs on Stiegler "Concept of Idiotext" — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-18 58 58 - [ ] Add adoption metrics section (user counts, piece counts, session data from MongoDB) ··· 90 90 **Status**: Working draft, 4 pages, WORKING DRAFT watermark ✓ 91 91 **Current citations**: ~6 92 92 **What's missing from the platter**: 93 - - [ ] Cite McLuhan "Medium is the Message" — keyboard as musical interface, repurposing everyday input 93 + - [x] Cite McLuhan "Medium is the Message" — keyboard as musical interface, repurposing everyday input — BibTeX + prose added 2026-03-28 94 94 - [ ] Reference `notepat.com` Netlify routing and custom domain setup 95 95 - [ ] Add usage/adoption data if available 96 - - [ ] Reference predecessor tools: nopaint (6 repos!), whistlegraph performance tools 96 + - [x] Reference predecessor tools: nopaint (6 repos!), whistlegraph performance tools — prose added 2026-03-28 97 97 - [ ] Consider citing Eglash on culturally situated design tools 98 98 99 99 ### 5. Aesthetic Computer JOSS (`joss-ac/paper.md`) ··· 148 148 - **All 6 papers build clean** (xelatex + bibtex, 3 passes, no undefined citations) 149 149 - **Tier 1 complete.** All originally identified Tier 1 priorities now have BibTeX entries and prose citations. 150 150 - Remaining uncited readings worth considering (Tier 2): Arnheim, Klee (already in `arxiv-whistlegraph`), Manovich 151 + - **Batch 2026-03-28**: Ukeles (AC paper), McLuhan (notepat), Moglen/FreedomBox + e-waste stats + ChromeOS Flex (OS paper), post-COVID status + ChucK/SLOrk detail (PLORKing), Jeffrey economic specifics (Who Pays), predecessor tools (notepat) 151 152 - **Next**: Write actual paper prose around citations (currently integrated as single sentences; some could become fuller paragraphs) 152 153 153 154 ### Ars Electronica 2026
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papers/arxiv-ac/ac.log
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papers/arxiv-ac/ac.pdf

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papers/arxiv-notepat/notepat.log
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papers/arxiv-notepat/notepat.pdf

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papers/arxiv-os/os.log
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papers/arxiv-os/os.pdf

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papers/arxiv-os/os.tex
··· 201 201 202 202 The One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project~\citep{negroponte1995being, kraemer2009olpc} proposed that universal computing access required designing new hardware---a \$100 laptop purpose-built for education. The XO laptop shipped with a custom OS (Sugar), custom hardware, and a custom distribution model. The project produced important ideas but struggled with a fundamental tension: custom hardware is expensive to design, manufacture, and maintain, and the \$100 target was never achieved at scale. 203 203 204 - Meanwhile, the consumer computing market produces a constant surplus of functional machines. Corporate lease cycles retire millions of laptops every 3--5 years. Retail overstocks, cancelled orders, and cosmetic defects generate warehouse inventories. E-waste recyclers receive machines with years of useful life remaining. These surplus computers---ThinkPads, EliteBooks, Latitudes---are available for \$30--80 with modern processors, 8--16\,GB RAM, WiFi, keyboards, and screens. 204 + Meanwhile, the consumer computing market produces a constant surplus of functional machines. The UN Global E-waste Monitor reports 62 million tonnes of electronic waste generated annually, growing at 2.6 million tonnes per year, with only 22.3\% documented as properly collected and recycled~\citep{forti2024ewaste}. Corporate lease cycles retire millions of laptops every 3--5 years. Retail overstocks, cancelled orders, and cosmetic defects generate warehouse inventories. E-waste recyclers receive machines with years of useful life remaining. These surplus computers---ThinkPads, EliteBooks, Latitudes---are available for \$30--80 with modern processors, 8--16\,GB RAM, WiFi, keyboards, and screens. 205 205 206 206 \acos{} takes the opposite approach from OLPC: instead of designing custom hardware, I design a custom operating system that transforms \emph{any} commodity x86\_64 machine into a dedicated creative computing instrument. The entire OS is a single file. Flashing it onto a USB drive takes under a minute. The machine boots in 7.3 seconds into a musical instrument, a drawing tool, or a programming environment---with the owner's name on the screen and their voice greeting them by name. 207 207 ··· 412 412 \section{Related Work} 413 413 \label{sec:related} 414 414 415 - \textbf{Educational OS projects.} Sugar OS (OLPC) pioneered the single-purpose educational operating system but was constrained by its hardware dependency. Endless OS targets low-spec hardware with offline-first content but retains a traditional desktop metaphor. PrimTux and Edubuntu customize Linux distributions for education but do not reimagine the OS layer itself. 415 + \textbf{Educational OS projects.} Sugar OS (OLPC) pioneered the single-purpose educational operating system but was constrained by its hardware dependency. Endless OS targets low-spec hardware with offline-first content but retains a traditional desktop metaphor. PrimTux and Edubuntu customize Linux distributions for education but do not reimagine the OS layer itself. ChromeOS Flex~\citep{google2022chromeosflex} (formerly Neverware CloudReady) is the most direct comparison: a free OS that repurposes old PCs and Macs as managed Chromebooks. It proves the surplus-hardware thesis at scale---Google certifies hundreds of older models---but turns machines into cloud-dependent thin clients rather than autonomous creative instruments. ChromeOS Flex requires Google Admin Console, fleet management, and internet connectivity; \acos{} requires none of these. 416 416 417 417 \textbf{Kiosk and single-purpose systems.} Digital signage OSes (Screenly, Yodeck) demonstrate that single-purpose Linux deployments can be maintained at scale via OTA updates. \acos{} applies this operational model to creative computing rather than content display. 418 418
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papers/arxiv-plork/plork.log
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! 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papers/arxiv-plork/plork.tex
··· 111 111 \acrandletter{e}{E}\acrandletter{r}{R}% 112 112 } 113 113 \newcommand{\acos}{\textsc{AC Native OS}} 114 + \newcommand{\np}{\texttt{notepat}} 114 115 115 116 % === LISTINGS === 116 117 \lstdefinelanguage{acjs}{ ··· 566 567 \section{Related Work} 567 568 \label{sec:related} 568 569 569 - \textbf{Laptop orchestras.} PLOrk~\citep{trueman2006plork} established the form. L2Ork~\citep{bukvic2010l2ork} demonstrated Linux viability and cost reduction. SLOrk~\citep{wang2009designing} contributed ChucK-based pedagogy and the IKEA-salad-bowl speaker. Thirty-plus university ensembles have operated since 2005. None has operated outside a university. 570 + \textbf{Laptop orchestras.} PLOrk~\citep{trueman2006plork} established the form. L2Ork~\citep{bukvic2010l2ork} demonstrated Linux viability and cost reduction. SLOrk~\citep{wang2009designing} at Stanford contributed ChucK-based pedagogy, a curriculum centered on Wang's on-the-fly programming model~\citep{wang2003chuck}, and the resourceful IKEA-salad-bowl hemispherical speaker variant. Thirty-plus university ensembles have operated since 2005. The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted or dissolved many of these ensembles---in-person rehearsal was impossible, and the institutional funding that sustained equipment and space often did not survive budget contractions. As of 2026, the number of active laptop orchestras appears significantly reduced from the pre-pandemic peak, though precise figures are difficult to establish because many ensembles existed informally within departments. None has operated outside a university. 570 571 571 572 \textbf{Music coding for access.} Sonic Pi~\citep{aaron2016sonic} runs on Raspberry Pi and desktop OSes, teaching music through live coding. It is the closest existing project to democratized computer music but is single-user, requires a host OS, and is not an ensemble instrument. 572 573
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papers/arxiv-sustainability/sustainability.log
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papers/arxiv-sustainability/sustainability.pdf

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