Add challenge-response proof-of-storage verification protocol
Implements a transport-agnostic challenge-response system for proving
peers still hold specific records. Three challenge types (mst-proof,
block-sample, combined) with deterministic generation, SQLite-backed
history/reliability tracking, and policy-driven scheduling.
Replaces L2/L3 verification stubs with real challenge-based verification
when a ChallengeTransport is available. Adds HTTP transport adapter,
three new XRPC routes, and record path tracking for challenge generation.