···1313- If a culture officially says to do one thing, but actually people do something else, then the latter is more decisive.
1414- Culture is shaped by [[Incentives]], but then incentives are themselves implemented by people, who are guided by culture.
1515- You want an environment [where cultures improve and compete](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html), but not on the basis of violent force, and also not exclusively on low-level forms of memetic fitness (eg. virality of individual posts on social media, moment-by-moment enjoyment and convenience), but rather on some kind of fair playing field that creates sufficient space to showcase the longer-term benefits that a thriving culture provides.
1616-- Truly instantiating a culture with any level of depth requires not just talking about the culture's themes, but actually living them.
1616+- Truly instantiating a culture with any level of depth requires not just talking about the culture's themes, but actually living them. This requires deep immersion, instantiating the culture's values and aesthetics and practices at a level that goes far beyond a few decorations and posters.
1717+- [Cultures are not museum pieces](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html). They are the working machinery of everyday life. Cultures are there to serve their people, not touristic onlookers appreciating their existence from far away.
1818+- Cultural innovation works better when it arises out of a collection of habits, attitudes and goals that are shared by a particular group, and adapted to the group's needs—not through over-indexing on legibility and explicit ideology.
+1
Governance.md
···55- There is an idea that governance — public or corporate — [is driven by the self-interested effort of leaders to acquire and keep their power](https://fs.blog/the-dictators-handbook/).
66- [Governance means conflict](https://twitter.com/armaniferrante/status/1450878886535839745). It also means resolution. Accept the former, focus on the latter, via transparency.
77- [There is still much room to try different things around Governance](https://www.cold-takes.com/ideal-governance-for-companies-countries-and-more/).
88+- A multi-level liquid democracy where every voter chooses a delegate, and 50-200 delegates can empower second-level delegates, [biases for sophistication](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html) (because each level ends up more sophisticated than the previous) and guards against populism (because a delegate can't amass extreme power by gaining a huge following directly) while avoiding empowering pre-selected aristocracies.
89910## Resources
1011
+1
Plurality.md
···2222 - Exponential technological growth, by designing property rights that force rising tides to lift all boats.
2323 - Valuing excellence and expertise, through mechanisms like prediction markets with per-person subsidies.
2424 - Local experimentation in social media, blockchain ecosystems, and local government.
2525+- [When different people disagree about how things should be done](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html), it's healthy to have a bias toward solutions where both versions exist at least somewhere, and people can freely choose between them. Peacefully making something small in a corner somewhere to see how it plays out is the most productive and least risky way for any actor to implement their vision—it provides rapid feedback about whether ideas actually work in reality.
+2-1
Politics.md
···81818282## Interesting Ideas
83838484-- [Charter Cities](https://youtu.be/mSHBma0Ithk).
8484+- [Charter Cities](https://chartercitiesinstitute.org/) and [Zones](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html).
8585+- [Vouching as regulation substitute](https://vitalik.eth.limo/general/2025/12/17/societies.html).
8586- [Quadratic Voting](http://ericposner.com/quadratic-voting/) and [Quadratic Funding](https://wtfisqf.com/).
8687- [Georgism](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/your-book-review-progress-and-poverty).
8788- [Prediction Markets](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/instead-of-pledging-to-change-the) as a tool for accountability. [FAQ](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/prediction-market-faq).