Minimal SQLite key-value store for OCaml
Add CVE-inspired hostile-input tests across 10 packages
160 new tests exercising security-critical code paths identified by
mapping known CVEs from C/reference implementations to our OCaml code:
- ocaml-sqlite (9): cyclic pages, oversized varints, record overflow,
wrong page kind, truncated WAL, out-of-bounds root, garbage files
- ocaml-cbort (12): deep nesting (CVE-2025-24302), indefinite-length
DoS, integer overflow in lengths, truncated input, invalid types
- ocaml-tar (10): path traversal (CVE-2021-32803), symlink escape
(CVE-2025-45582), oversized octal, truncated headers, checksum
- ocaml-http (14): CRLF header injection (CWE-113), null bytes,
Content-Length overflow, empty/duplicate headers
Also hardens validate_header_name_str to reject null bytes/empty names
- ocaml-jsonwt (21): "none" algorithm bypass (CVE-2015-9235) case
variations, algorithm confusion (CVE-2016-10555), malformed headers,
empty segments, extra dots, large payloads
- ocaml-cose (8): algorithm substitution, missing algorithm header,
malformed CBOR, wrong types, label overlap (RFC 9052)
- ocaml-git (18): tree path traversal, null bytes, symlink mode,
malformed tree data, pack delta attacks, pack format validation
- ocaml-tomlt (25): duplicate keys, integer overflow, malformed dates
(invalid month/day/hour/minute), deep nesting, long strings
- ocaml-squashfs (20): symlink traversal edge cases, fragment table
bounds, inode self-reference, compression bomb limits, bad superblock
- ocaml-cpio (23): symlink target validation, null bytes in filenames,
oversized filesize, truncated archives, invalid magic numbers
+304
+302
test/test_hostile.ml
+302
test/test_hostile.ml
···
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(* Hostile-input tests for ocaml-sqlite.
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Inspired by SQLite CVE classes: corrupt files must never hang or crash,
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only return errors. Each test crafts a malformed on-disk structure and
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verifies that open_, tables, iter_table, and insert fail cleanly. *)
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let page_size = 4096
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let magic = "SQLite format 3\000"
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(* -- Helpers -- *)
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let write_u16_be buf off v =
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf off ((v lsr 8) land 0xff);
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf (off + 1) (v land 0xff)
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let write_u32_be buf off v =
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf off ((v lsr 24) land 0xff);
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf (off + 1) ((v lsr 16) land 0xff);
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf (off + 2) ((v lsr 8) land 0xff);
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf (off + 3) (v land 0xff)
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(* Minimal valid DB header (100 bytes) *)
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let db_header ~page_count =
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let buf = Bytes.make 100 '\000' in
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Bytes.blit_string magic 0 buf 0 16;
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write_u16_be buf 16 page_size;
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf 18 1;
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(* write version *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf 19 1;
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(* read version *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf 21 64;
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(* max embedded payload fraction *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf 22 32;
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(* min embedded payload fraction *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 buf 23 32;
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(* leaf payload fraction *)
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write_u32_be buf 28 page_count;
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Bytes.unsafe_to_string buf
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(* Write a file with the given pages (page 1 starts at offset 0) *)
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let write_db path pages =
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let data =
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String.concat ""
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(List.map
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(fun page ->
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let s = page in
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let padded = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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Bytes.blit_string s 0 padded 0 (min (String.length s) page_size);
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Bytes.unsafe_to_string padded)
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pages)
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in
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Eio.Path.save ~create:(`Or_truncate 0o644) path data
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let with_temp_hostile f =
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Eio_main.run @@ fun env ->
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let cwd = Eio.Stdenv.cwd env in
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let tmp = Eio.Path.(cwd / "_build" / "test_hostile") in
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(try Eio.Path.mkdirs ~exists_ok:true ~perm:0o755 tmp with Eio.Io _ -> ());
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let name = Fmt.str "hostile_%d.db" (Random.int 1_000_000) in
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let path = Eio.Path.(tmp / name) in
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Eio.Switch.run @@ fun sw -> f sw path
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(* Try to open and do basic operations; must not hang or crash *)
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let must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path =
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match Sqlite.open_ ~sw path with
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| exception _ -> () (* clean failure on open *)
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| db ->
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(* If open succeeded, basic operations must not hang *)
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(try ignore (Sqlite.tables db) with _ -> ());
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(try ignore (Sqlite.find db "nonexistent") with _ -> ());
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Sqlite.close db
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(* -- CVE-2019-19646 inspired: cyclic/self-referential pages -- *)
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let test_self_referential_page () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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(* Page 1: sqlite_master with a table whose root points to itself *)
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:2 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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(* sqlite_master leaf header at offset 100 *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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(* leaf table *)
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write_u16_be page1 103 0;
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(* 0 cells — empty master *)
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write_u16_be page1 105 page_size;
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(* Page 2: interior table page pointing to itself *)
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let page2 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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Bytes.set_uint8 page2 0 0x05;
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(* interior table *)
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write_u16_be page2 3 1;
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(* 1 cell *)
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write_u16_be page2 5 (page_size - 12);
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write_u32_be page2 8 2;
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(* right child = self *)
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(* Cell at end: left_child=2 (self), rowid=1 *)
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let cell_off = page_size - 12 in
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write_u32_be page2 cell_off 2;
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(* left child = page 2 = self *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page2 (cell_off + 4) 1;
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(* rowid varint = 1 *)
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write_u16_be page2 12 (page_size - 12);
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(* cell pointer *)
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1; Bytes.unsafe_to_string page2 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- CVE-2022-35737 inspired: oversized payload/varint -- *)
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let test_oversized_varint () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:1 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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(* sqlite_master: leaf with 1 cell containing a huge payload_size varint *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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write_u16_be page1 103 1;
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(* 1 cell *)
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write_u16_be page1 105 200;
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write_u16_be page1 108 200;
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(* cell pointer at offset 200 *)
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(* Cell at 200: payload_size = 9-byte varint (max value) *)
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let cell_off = 200 in
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for i = 0 to 7 do
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (cell_off + i) 0xff
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done;
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (cell_off + 8) 0x01;
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(* 9th varint byte *)
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- CVE-2020-13434 inspired: size overflow in record encoding -- *)
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let test_record_header_overflow () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:1 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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write_u16_be page1 103 1;
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write_u16_be page1 105 300;
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write_u16_be page1 108 300;
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(* Cell: small payload_size (20), rowid=1, then a record header claiming
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huge header_size *)
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let off = 300 in
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 off 20;
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(* payload_size varint = 20 *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (off + 1) 1;
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(* rowid varint = 1 *)
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(* Record: header_size varint = 255 (way bigger than 20-byte payload) *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (off + 2) 0x81;
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(* varint high byte *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (off + 3) 0x7f;
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(* varint low = 255 *)
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- CVE-2025-7709 inspired: malformed index B-tree -- *)
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let test_wrong_page_kind_at_root () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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(* Page 2 is supposed to be a table but has index page kind *)
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:2 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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write_u16_be page1 103 0;
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write_u16_be page1 105 page_size;
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let page2 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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(* Set page kind to leaf_index (0x0a) instead of leaf_table (0x0d) *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page2 0 0x0a;
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write_u16_be page2 3 0;
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write_u16_be page2 5 page_size;
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1; Bytes.unsafe_to_string page2 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- CVE-2023-7104 inspired: truncated/malformed WAL -- *)
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let test_truncated_wal () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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(* Create a valid empty DB first *)
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Eio.Switch.run @@ fun init_sw ->
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let db = Sqlite.open_ ~sw:init_sw ~create:true path in
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Sqlite.put db "key" "value";
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Sqlite.close db;
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(* Now write a truncated WAL file *)
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let wal_path = Eio.Path.(Eio.Path.native_exn path ^ "-wal") in
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let wal_path = Eio.Path.(Eio.Stdenv.cwd (Eio_main.run Fun.id) / wal_path) in
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ignore wal_path;
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(* Write garbage to where the WAL would be *)
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let wal_name = Eio.Path.native_exn path ^ "-wal" in
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let oc = open_out_bin wal_name in
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output_string oc "\x00\x01\x02";
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(* 3 bytes, way too short *)
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close_out oc;
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(* Reopen — must handle the corrupt WAL gracefully *)
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path;
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(* Clean up *)
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try Sys.remove wal_name with Sys_error _ -> ()
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(* -- Root page beyond file -- *)
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let test_root_page_out_of_bounds () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:1 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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(* sqlite_master: leaf with a table entry pointing to page 999 *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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write_u16_be page1 103 1;
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let cell_start = 200 in
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write_u16_be page1 105 cell_start;
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write_u16_be page1 108 cell_start;
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(* Build a sqlite_master record: type=table, name=t, tbl=t, root=999, sql *)
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let sql = "CREATE TABLE t (x TEXT)" in
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let payload =
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Btree.Record.encode
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[
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Btree.Record.Vtext "table";
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Btree.Record.Vtext "t";
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Btree.Record.Vtext "t";
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Btree.Record.Vint 999L;
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Btree.Record.Vtext sql;
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]
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in
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let payload_len = String.length payload in
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(* Cell: payload_size varint + rowid varint + payload *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 cell_start payload_len;
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(* payload_size *)
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 (cell_start + 1) 1;
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(* rowid = 1 *)
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Bytes.blit_string payload 0 page1 (cell_start + 2) payload_len;
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1 ];
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(* Open should succeed (just reads master), but accessing the table
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should fail — not crash *)
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match Sqlite.open_ ~sw path with
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| exception _ -> ()
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| db ->
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(try
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Sqlite.fold_table db "t" ~init:() ~f:(fun _ _ () -> ());
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(* If it didn't fail, that's also OK — the table is empty *)
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()
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with _ -> ());
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Sqlite.close db
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(* -- Empty/garbage file -- *)
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let test_empty_file () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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Eio.Path.save ~create:(`Or_truncate 0o644) path "";
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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let test_garbage_file () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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Eio.Path.save ~create:(`Or_truncate 0o644) path
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(String.init 4096 (fun _ -> Char.chr (Random.int 256)));
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- Cell pointer pointing into header -- *)
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let test_cell_pointer_in_header () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:1 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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Bytes.set_uint8 page1 100 0x0d;
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write_u16_be page1 103 1;
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(* 1 cell *)
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write_u16_be page1 105 50;
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(* content starts inside header! *)
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write_u16_be page1 108 50;
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(* cell pointer into header area *)
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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(* -- Page count = 0 -- *)
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let test_zero_page_count () =
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with_temp_hostile @@ fun sw path ->
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let page1 = Bytes.make page_size '\000' in
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let hdr = db_header ~page_count:0 in
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Bytes.blit_string hdr 0 page1 0 100;
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write_db path [ Bytes.unsafe_to_string page1 ];
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must_fail_or_succeed_safely sw path
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let suite =
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( "hostile",
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[
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Alcotest.test_case "self-referential page" `Quick
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test_self_referential_page;
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Alcotest.test_case "oversized varint" `Quick test_oversized_varint;
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Alcotest.test_case "record header overflow" `Quick
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test_record_header_overflow;
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Alcotest.test_case "wrong page kind at root" `Quick
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test_wrong_page_kind_at_root;
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Alcotest.test_case "root page out of bounds" `Quick
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test_root_page_out_of_bounds;
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Alcotest.test_case "empty file" `Quick test_empty_file;
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Alcotest.test_case "garbage file" `Quick test_garbage_file;
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Alcotest.test_case "cell pointer in header" `Quick
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test_cell_pointer_in_header;
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Alcotest.test_case "zero page count" `Quick test_zero_page_count;
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] )