Testing a small http-client on Linux using no_std & embedded reqwless.
add no_std reqwless linux downloader
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AGENTS.md
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AGENTS.md
···
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# Agent Instructions
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This project uses **bd** (beads) for issue tracking. Run `bd onboard` to get started.
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## Quick Reference
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```bash
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bd ready # Find available work
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bd show <id> # View issue details
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bd update <id> --claim # Claim work atomically
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bd close <id> # Complete work
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bd sync # Sync with git
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```
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## Non-Interactive Shell Commands
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**ALWAYS use non-interactive flags** with file operations to avoid hanging on confirmation prompts.
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Shell commands like `cp`, `mv`, and `rm` may be aliased to include `-i` (interactive) mode on some systems, causing the agent to hang indefinitely waiting for y/n input.
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**Use these forms instead:**
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```bash
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# Force overwrite without prompting
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cp -f source dest # NOT: cp source dest
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mv -f source dest # NOT: mv source dest
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rm -f file # NOT: rm file
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# For recursive operations
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rm -rf directory # NOT: rm -r directory
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cp -rf source dest # NOT: cp -r source dest
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```
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**Other commands that may prompt:**
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- `scp` - use `-o BatchMode=yes` for non-interactive
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- `ssh` - use `-o BatchMode=yes` to fail instead of prompting
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- `apt-get` - use `-y` flag
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- `brew` - use `HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE=1` env var
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<!-- BEGIN BEADS INTEGRATION -->
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## Issue Tracking with bd (beads)
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**IMPORTANT**: This project uses **bd (beads)** for ALL issue tracking. Do NOT use markdown TODOs, task lists, or other tracking methods.
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### Why bd?
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- Dependency-aware: Track blockers and relationships between issues
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- Version-controlled: Built on Dolt with cell-level merge
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- Agent-optimized: JSON output, ready work detection, discovered-from links
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- Prevents duplicate tracking systems and confusion
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### Quick Start
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**Check for ready work:**
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```bash
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bd ready --json
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```
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**Create new issues:**
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```bash
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bd create "Issue title" --description="Detailed context" -t bug|feature|task -p 0-4 --json
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bd create "Issue title" --description="What this issue is about" -p 1 --deps discovered-from:bd-123 --json
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```
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**Claim and update:**
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```bash
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bd update <id> --claim --json
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bd update bd-42 --priority 1 --json
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```
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**Complete work:**
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```bash
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bd close bd-42 --reason "Completed" --json
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```
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### Issue Types
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- `bug` - Something broken
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- `feature` - New functionality
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- `task` - Work item (tests, docs, refactoring)
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- `epic` - Large feature with subtasks
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- `chore` - Maintenance (dependencies, tooling)
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### Priorities
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- `0` - Critical (security, data loss, broken builds)
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- `1` - High (major features, important bugs)
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- `2` - Medium (default, nice-to-have)
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- `3` - Low (polish, optimization)
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- `4` - Backlog (future ideas)
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### Workflow for AI Agents
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1. **Check ready work**: `bd ready` shows unblocked issues
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2. **Claim your task atomically**: `bd update <id> --claim`
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3. **Work on it**: Implement, test, document
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4. **Discover new work?** Create linked issue:
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- `bd create "Found bug" --description="Details about what was found" -p 1 --deps discovered-from:<parent-id>`
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5. **Complete**: `bd close <id> --reason "Done"`
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### Auto-Sync
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bd automatically syncs with git:
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- Exports to `.beads/issues.jsonl` after changes (5s debounce)
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- Imports from JSONL when newer (e.g., after `git pull`)
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- No manual export/import needed!
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### Important Rules
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- ✅ Use bd for ALL task tracking
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- ✅ Always use `--json` flag for programmatic use
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- ✅ Link discovered work with `discovered-from` dependencies
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- ✅ Check `bd ready` before asking "what should I work on?"
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- ❌ Do NOT create markdown TODO lists
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- ❌ Do NOT use external issue trackers
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- ❌ Do NOT duplicate tracking systems
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For more details, see README.md and docs/QUICKSTART.md.
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## Landing the Plane (Session Completion)
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**When ending a work session**, you MUST complete ALL steps below. Work is NOT complete until `git push` succeeds.
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**MANDATORY WORKFLOW:**
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1. **File issues for remaining work** - Create issues for anything that needs follow-up
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2. **Run quality gates** (if code changed) - Tests, linters, builds
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3. **Update issue status** - Close finished work, update in-progress items
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4. **PUSH TO REMOTE** - This is MANDATORY:
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```bash
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git pull --rebase
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bd sync
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git push
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git status # MUST show "up to date with origin"
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```
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5. **Clean up** - Clear stashes, prune remote branches
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6. **Verify** - All changes committed AND pushed
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7. **Hand off** - Provide context for next session
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**CRITICAL RULES:**
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- Work is NOT complete until `git push` succeeds
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- NEVER stop before pushing - that leaves work stranded locally
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- NEVER say "ready to push when you are" - YOU must push
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- If push fails, resolve and retry until it succeeds
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<!-- END BEADS INTEGRATION -->
+496
Cargo.lock
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Cargo.lock
···
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316
+
checksum = "8fd00f0bb2e90d81d1044c2b32617f68fcb9fa3bb7640c23e9c748e53fb30934"
317
+
dependencies = [
318
+
"unicode-ident",
319
+
]
320
+
321
+
[[package]]
322
+
name = "quote"
323
+
version = "1.0.45"
324
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
325
+
checksum = "41f2619966050689382d2b44f664f4bc593e129785a36d6ee376ddf37259b924"
326
+
dependencies = [
327
+
"proc-macro2",
328
+
]
329
+
330
+
[[package]]
331
+
name = "rand_chacha"
332
+
version = "0.3.1"
333
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
334
+
checksum = "e6c10a63a0fa32252be49d21e7709d4d4baf8d231c2dbce1eaa8141b9b127d88"
335
+
dependencies = [
336
+
"ppv-lite86",
337
+
"rand_core",
338
+
]
339
+
340
+
[[package]]
341
+
name = "rand_core"
342
+
version = "0.6.4"
343
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
344
+
checksum = "ec0be4795e2f6a28069bec0b5ff3e2ac9bafc99e6a9a7dc3547996c5c816922c"
345
+
346
+
[[package]]
347
+
name = "reqwless"
348
+
version = "0.14.0"
349
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
350
+
checksum = "836acee7034acc981677b98cd9e6cf123c7d9174be376281c86d8248fe5169eb"
351
+
dependencies = [
352
+
"base64",
353
+
"buffered-io",
354
+
"embedded-io",
355
+
"embedded-io-async",
356
+
"embedded-nal-async",
357
+
"heapless",
358
+
"hex",
359
+
"httparse",
360
+
"nourl",
361
+
"p256",
362
+
"pkcs8",
363
+
"rand_chacha",
364
+
"rand_core",
365
+
]
366
+
367
+
[[package]]
368
+
name = "reqwless-linux"
369
+
version = "0.1.0"
370
+
dependencies = [
371
+
"embedded-io",
372
+
"embedded-io-async",
373
+
"embedded-nal-async",
374
+
"libc",
375
+
"reqwless",
376
+
]
377
+
378
+
[[package]]
379
+
name = "rfc6979"
380
+
version = "0.4.0"
381
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
382
+
checksum = "f8dd2a808d456c4a54e300a23e9f5a67e122c3024119acbfd73e3bf664491cb2"
383
+
dependencies = [
384
+
"hmac",
385
+
"subtle",
386
+
]
387
+
388
+
[[package]]
389
+
name = "sec1"
390
+
version = "0.7.3"
391
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
392
+
checksum = "d3e97a565f76233a6003f9f5c54be1d9c5bdfa3eccfb189469f11ec4901c47dc"
393
+
dependencies = [
394
+
"base16ct",
395
+
"der",
396
+
"generic-array",
397
+
"subtle",
398
+
"zeroize",
399
+
]
400
+
401
+
[[package]]
402
+
name = "sha2"
403
+
version = "0.10.9"
404
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
405
+
checksum = "a7507d819769d01a365ab707794a4084392c824f54a7a6a7862f8c3d0892b283"
406
+
dependencies = [
407
+
"cfg-if",
408
+
"cpufeatures",
409
+
"digest",
410
+
]
411
+
412
+
[[package]]
413
+
name = "signature"
414
+
version = "2.2.0"
415
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
416
+
checksum = "77549399552de45a898a580c1b41d445bf730df867cc44e6c0233bbc4b8329de"
417
+
dependencies = [
418
+
"digest",
419
+
"rand_core",
420
+
]
421
+
422
+
[[package]]
423
+
name = "spki"
424
+
version = "0.7.3"
425
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
426
+
checksum = "d91ed6c858b01f942cd56b37a94b3e0a1798290327d1236e4d9cf4eaca44d29d"
427
+
dependencies = [
428
+
"der",
429
+
]
430
+
431
+
[[package]]
432
+
name = "stable_deref_trait"
433
+
version = "1.2.1"
434
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
435
+
checksum = "6ce2be8dc25455e1f91df71bfa12ad37d7af1092ae736f3a6cd0e37bc7810596"
436
+
437
+
[[package]]
438
+
name = "subtle"
439
+
version = "2.6.1"
440
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
441
+
checksum = "13c2bddecc57b384dee18652358fb23172facb8a2c51ccc10d74c157bdea3292"
442
+
443
+
[[package]]
444
+
name = "syn"
445
+
version = "2.0.117"
446
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
447
+
checksum = "e665b8803e7b1d2a727f4023456bbbbe74da67099c585258af0ad9c5013b9b99"
448
+
dependencies = [
449
+
"proc-macro2",
450
+
"quote",
451
+
"unicode-ident",
452
+
]
453
+
454
+
[[package]]
455
+
name = "typenum"
456
+
version = "1.19.0"
457
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
458
+
checksum = "562d481066bde0658276a35467c4af00bdc6ee726305698a55b86e61d7ad82bb"
459
+
460
+
[[package]]
461
+
name = "unicode-ident"
462
+
version = "1.0.24"
463
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
464
+
checksum = "e6e4313cd5fcd3dad5cafa179702e2b244f760991f45397d14d4ebf38247da75"
465
+
466
+
[[package]]
467
+
name = "version_check"
468
+
version = "0.9.5"
469
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
470
+
checksum = "0b928f33d975fc6ad9f86c8f283853ad26bdd5b10b7f1542aa2fa15e2289105a"
471
+
472
+
[[package]]
473
+
name = "zerocopy"
474
+
version = "0.8.47"
475
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
476
+
checksum = "efbb2a062be311f2ba113ce66f697a4dc589f85e78a4aea276200804cea0ed87"
477
+
dependencies = [
478
+
"zerocopy-derive",
479
+
]
480
+
481
+
[[package]]
482
+
name = "zerocopy-derive"
483
+
version = "0.8.47"
484
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
485
+
checksum = "0e8bc7269b54418e7aeeef514aa68f8690b8c0489a06b0136e5f57c4c5ccab89"
486
+
dependencies = [
487
+
"proc-macro2",
488
+
"quote",
489
+
"syn",
490
+
]
491
+
492
+
[[package]]
493
+
name = "zeroize"
494
+
version = "1.8.2"
495
+
source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
496
+
checksum = "b97154e67e32c85465826e8bcc1c59429aaaf107c1e4a9e53c8d8ccd5eff88d0"
+17
Cargo.toml
+17
Cargo.toml
···
1
+
[package]
2
+
name = "reqwless-linux"
3
+
version = "0.1.0"
4
+
edition = "2024"
5
+
6
+
[dependencies]
7
+
embedded-io = { version = "0.7", default-features = false }
8
+
embedded-io-async = { version = "0.7", default-features = false }
9
+
embedded-nal-async = { version = "0.9", default-features = false }
10
+
libc = { version = "0.2", default-features = false }
11
+
reqwless = { version = "0.14", default-features = false }
12
+
13
+
[profile.dev]
14
+
panic = "abort"
15
+
16
+
[profile.release]
17
+
panic = "abort"
+18
README.md
+18
README.md
···
1
+
# reqwless-linux
2
+
3
+
> A demonstration of a no_std reqwless http downloader for linux
4
+
5
+
## Usage
6
+
7
+
```bash
8
+
cargo run -- http://example.com
9
+
```
10
+
11
+
This prints the HTTP response body to stdout.
12
+
13
+
## Notes
14
+
15
+
- `no_std` + `no_main` binary using Linux libc syscalls
16
+
- Uses `reqwless` with `default-features = false` (HTTP only)
17
+
- Uses fixed-size stack buffers for request/response and output chunks
18
+
- Performs best-effort low-allocation operation (no `String`/`Vec` in app code)
+451
src/main.rs
+451
src/main.rs
···
1
+
#![no_std]
2
+
#![no_main]
3
+
4
+
// pattern: Imperative Shell
5
+
6
+
use core::ffi::{CStr, c_char, c_int, c_void};
7
+
use core::future::Future;
8
+
use core::net::{IpAddr, Ipv4Addr, Ipv6Addr, SocketAddr};
9
+
use core::panic::PanicInfo;
10
+
use core::pin::Pin;
11
+
use core::ptr;
12
+
use core::task::{Context, Poll, RawWaker, RawWakerVTable, Waker};
13
+
14
+
use embedded_io::ErrorKind;
15
+
use embedded_io_async::{ErrorType, Read, Write};
16
+
use embedded_nal_async::{AddrType, Dns, TcpConnect};
17
+
use reqwless::TryBufRead;
18
+
use reqwless::client::HttpClient;
19
+
use reqwless::request::Method;
20
+
21
+
const EXIT_OK: c_int = 0;
22
+
const EXIT_USAGE: c_int = 2;
23
+
const EXIT_FAILURE: c_int = 1;
24
+
25
+
const DNS_HOST_MAX: usize = 255;
26
+
27
+
struct LinuxTcp;
28
+
29
+
struct LinuxDns;
30
+
31
+
struct LinuxConnection {
32
+
fd: c_int,
33
+
}
34
+
35
+
#[derive(Debug)]
36
+
enum AppError {
37
+
MissingUrl,
38
+
InvalidUtf8,
39
+
UrlTooLong,
40
+
NulInHost,
41
+
DnsLookupFailed,
42
+
AddrTypeMismatch,
43
+
Syscall(i32),
44
+
Http(reqwless::Error),
45
+
}
46
+
47
+
impl embedded_io::Error for AppError {
48
+
fn kind(&self) -> ErrorKind {
49
+
match self {
50
+
Self::MissingUrl => ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
51
+
Self::InvalidUtf8 => ErrorKind::InvalidData,
52
+
Self::UrlTooLong => ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
53
+
Self::NulInHost => ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
54
+
Self::DnsLookupFailed => ErrorKind::NotFound,
55
+
Self::AddrTypeMismatch => ErrorKind::AddrNotAvailable,
56
+
Self::Syscall(code) => match *code {
57
+
libc::EINTR => ErrorKind::Interrupted,
58
+
libc::EINVAL => ErrorKind::InvalidInput,
59
+
libc::ENOMEM => ErrorKind::OutOfMemory,
60
+
libc::ENOTCONN => ErrorKind::NotConnected,
61
+
libc::ECONNRESET => ErrorKind::ConnectionReset,
62
+
libc::ECONNABORTED => ErrorKind::ConnectionAborted,
63
+
libc::ECONNREFUSED => ErrorKind::ConnectionRefused,
64
+
libc::EADDRINUSE => ErrorKind::AddrInUse,
65
+
libc::EADDRNOTAVAIL => ErrorKind::AddrNotAvailable,
66
+
libc::EPIPE => ErrorKind::BrokenPipe,
67
+
libc::EWOULDBLOCK => ErrorKind::Other,
68
+
libc::ETIMEDOUT => ErrorKind::TimedOut,
69
+
_ => ErrorKind::Other,
70
+
},
71
+
Self::Http(err) => err.kind(),
72
+
}
73
+
}
74
+
}
75
+
76
+
impl core::fmt::Display for AppError {
77
+
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut core::fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> core::fmt::Result {
78
+
let message = match self {
79
+
Self::MissingUrl => "missing url argument",
80
+
Self::InvalidUtf8 => "url argument must be valid utf-8",
81
+
Self::UrlTooLong => "hostname is too long",
82
+
Self::NulInHost => "hostname contains NUL byte",
83
+
Self::DnsLookupFailed => "dns lookup failed",
84
+
Self::AddrTypeMismatch => "address type mismatch",
85
+
Self::Syscall(_) => "linux syscall failed",
86
+
Self::Http(_) => "http request failed",
87
+
};
88
+
89
+
f.write_str(message)
90
+
}
91
+
}
92
+
93
+
impl core::error::Error for AppError {}
94
+
95
+
impl ErrorType for LinuxConnection {
96
+
type Error = AppError;
97
+
}
98
+
99
+
impl Read for LinuxConnection {
100
+
async fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Self::Error> {
101
+
if buf.is_empty() {
102
+
return Ok(0);
103
+
}
104
+
105
+
let rc = unsafe { libc::recv(self.fd, buf.as_mut_ptr().cast::<c_void>(), buf.len(), 0) };
106
+
if rc < 0 {
107
+
return Err(AppError::Syscall(last_errno()));
108
+
}
109
+
110
+
Ok(rc as usize)
111
+
}
112
+
}
113
+
114
+
impl Write for LinuxConnection {
115
+
async fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Self::Error> {
116
+
if buf.is_empty() {
117
+
return Ok(0);
118
+
}
119
+
120
+
let rc = unsafe { libc::send(self.fd, buf.as_ptr().cast::<c_void>(), buf.len(), 0) };
121
+
if rc < 0 {
122
+
return Err(AppError::Syscall(last_errno()));
123
+
}
124
+
125
+
Ok(rc as usize)
126
+
}
127
+
128
+
async fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Self::Error> {
129
+
Ok(())
130
+
}
131
+
}
132
+
133
+
impl Drop for LinuxConnection {
134
+
fn drop(&mut self) {
135
+
unsafe {
136
+
let _ = libc::close(self.fd);
137
+
}
138
+
}
139
+
}
140
+
141
+
impl TryBufRead for LinuxConnection {}
142
+
143
+
impl TcpConnect for LinuxTcp {
144
+
type Error = AppError;
145
+
type Connection<'m> = LinuxConnection;
146
+
147
+
async fn connect<'m>(&'m self, remote: SocketAddr) -> Result<Self::Connection<'m>, Self::Error> {
148
+
let (domain, storage, len) = sockaddr_from_socket_addr(remote);
149
+
150
+
let fd = unsafe { libc::socket(domain, libc::SOCK_STREAM, 0) };
151
+
if fd < 0 {
152
+
return Err(AppError::Syscall(last_errno()));
153
+
}
154
+
155
+
let rc = unsafe { libc::connect(fd, &storage as *const libc::sockaddr_storage as *const libc::sockaddr, len) };
156
+
if rc < 0 {
157
+
let error = AppError::Syscall(last_errno());
158
+
unsafe {
159
+
let _ = libc::close(fd);
160
+
}
161
+
return Err(error);
162
+
}
163
+
164
+
Ok(LinuxConnection { fd })
165
+
}
166
+
}
167
+
168
+
impl Dns for LinuxDns {
169
+
type Error = AppError;
170
+
171
+
async fn get_host_by_name(&self, host: &str, addr_type: AddrType) -> Result<IpAddr, Self::Error> {
172
+
if let Ok(parsed) = host.parse::<IpAddr>() {
173
+
if matches_addr_type(parsed, addr_type) {
174
+
return Ok(parsed);
175
+
}
176
+
return Err(AppError::AddrTypeMismatch);
177
+
}
178
+
179
+
resolve_host(host, addr_type)
180
+
}
181
+
182
+
async fn get_host_by_address(&self, _addr: IpAddr, _result: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Self::Error> {
183
+
Err(AppError::DnsLookupFailed)
184
+
}
185
+
}
186
+
187
+
#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
188
+
pub extern "C" fn main(argc: c_int, argv: *const *const c_char) -> c_int {
189
+
let url = match read_url_argument(argc, argv) {
190
+
Ok(url) => url,
191
+
Err(AppError::MissingUrl) => {
192
+
write_stderr(b"usage: reqwless-linux <http://url>\n");
193
+
return EXIT_USAGE;
194
+
}
195
+
Err(error) => {
196
+
report_error(error);
197
+
return EXIT_FAILURE;
198
+
}
199
+
};
200
+
201
+
match block_on(download_to_stdout(url)) {
202
+
Ok(()) => EXIT_OK,
203
+
Err(error) => {
204
+
report_error(error);
205
+
EXIT_FAILURE
206
+
}
207
+
}
208
+
}
209
+
210
+
async fn download_to_stdout(url: &str) -> Result<(), AppError> {
211
+
let tcp = LinuxTcp;
212
+
let dns = LinuxDns;
213
+
let mut client = HttpClient::new(&tcp, &dns);
214
+
let mut rx_buf = [0_u8; 8192];
215
+
216
+
let mut request = client.request(Method::GET, url).await.map_err(AppError::Http)?;
217
+
let response = request.send(&mut rx_buf).await.map_err(AppError::Http)?;
218
+
let mut body = response.body().reader();
219
+
220
+
let mut chunk = [0_u8; 1024];
221
+
loop {
222
+
let read = body.read(&mut chunk).await.map_err(AppError::Http)?;
223
+
if read == 0 {
224
+
break;
225
+
}
226
+
write_all_fd(libc::STDOUT_FILENO, &chunk[..read])?;
227
+
}
228
+
229
+
Ok(())
230
+
}
231
+
232
+
fn read_url_argument<'a>(argc: c_int, argv: *const *const c_char) -> Result<&'a str, AppError> {
233
+
if argc != 2 || argv.is_null() {
234
+
return Err(AppError::MissingUrl);
235
+
}
236
+
237
+
let url_ptr = unsafe { *argv.add(1) };
238
+
if url_ptr.is_null() {
239
+
return Err(AppError::MissingUrl);
240
+
}
241
+
242
+
let cstr = unsafe { CStr::from_ptr(url_ptr) };
243
+
cstr.to_str().map_err(|_| AppError::InvalidUtf8)
244
+
}
245
+
246
+
fn resolve_host(host: &str, addr_type: AddrType) -> Result<IpAddr, AppError> {
247
+
if host.len() > DNS_HOST_MAX {
248
+
return Err(AppError::UrlTooLong);
249
+
}
250
+
if host.as_bytes().contains(&0) {
251
+
return Err(AppError::NulInHost);
252
+
}
253
+
254
+
let mut host_buf = [0_u8; DNS_HOST_MAX + 1];
255
+
host_buf[..host.len()].copy_from_slice(host.as_bytes());
256
+
host_buf[host.len()] = 0;
257
+
258
+
let mut hints: libc::addrinfo = unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() };
259
+
hints.ai_socktype = libc::SOCK_STREAM;
260
+
hints.ai_family = match addr_type {
261
+
AddrType::IPv4 => libc::AF_INET,
262
+
AddrType::IPv6 => libc::AF_INET6,
263
+
AddrType::Either => libc::AF_UNSPEC,
264
+
};
265
+
266
+
let mut result: *mut libc::addrinfo = ptr::null_mut();
267
+
let lookup_rc = unsafe {
268
+
libc::getaddrinfo(
269
+
host_buf.as_ptr().cast::<c_char>(),
270
+
ptr::null(),
271
+
&hints,
272
+
&mut result,
273
+
)
274
+
};
275
+
if lookup_rc != 0 {
276
+
return Err(AppError::DnsLookupFailed);
277
+
}
278
+
279
+
let mut cursor = result;
280
+
let mut found = None;
281
+
while !cursor.is_null() {
282
+
let family = unsafe { (*cursor).ai_family };
283
+
if family == libc::AF_INET {
284
+
let sockaddr = unsafe { &*((*cursor).ai_addr as *const libc::sockaddr_in) };
285
+
let octets = sockaddr.sin_addr.s_addr.to_ne_bytes();
286
+
found = Some(IpAddr::V4(Ipv4Addr::from(octets)));
287
+
break;
288
+
}
289
+
if family == libc::AF_INET6 {
290
+
let sockaddr = unsafe { &*((*cursor).ai_addr as *const libc::sockaddr_in6) };
291
+
found = Some(IpAddr::V6(Ipv6Addr::from(sockaddr.sin6_addr.s6_addr)));
292
+
break;
293
+
}
294
+
cursor = unsafe { (*cursor).ai_next };
295
+
}
296
+
297
+
unsafe {
298
+
libc::freeaddrinfo(result);
299
+
}
300
+
301
+
found.ok_or(AppError::DnsLookupFailed)
302
+
}
303
+
304
+
fn sockaddr_from_socket_addr(remote: SocketAddr) -> (c_int, libc::sockaddr_storage, libc::socklen_t) {
305
+
match remote {
306
+
SocketAddr::V4(addr) => {
307
+
let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() };
308
+
let in_addr = libc::sockaddr_in {
309
+
sin_family: libc::AF_INET as u16,
310
+
sin_port: addr.port().to_be(),
311
+
sin_addr: libc::in_addr {
312
+
s_addr: u32::from_ne_bytes(addr.ip().octets()),
313
+
},
314
+
sin_zero: [0; 8],
315
+
};
316
+
317
+
unsafe {
318
+
ptr::write((&mut storage as *mut libc::sockaddr_storage).cast::<libc::sockaddr_in>(), in_addr);
319
+
}
320
+
321
+
(
322
+
libc::AF_INET,
323
+
storage,
324
+
core::mem::size_of::<libc::sockaddr_in>() as libc::socklen_t,
325
+
)
326
+
}
327
+
SocketAddr::V6(addr) => {
328
+
let mut storage: libc::sockaddr_storage = unsafe { core::mem::zeroed() };
329
+
let in6_addr = libc::sockaddr_in6 {
330
+
sin6_family: libc::AF_INET6 as u16,
331
+
sin6_port: addr.port().to_be(),
332
+
sin6_flowinfo: addr.flowinfo(),
333
+
sin6_addr: libc::in6_addr {
334
+
s6_addr: addr.ip().octets(),
335
+
},
336
+
sin6_scope_id: addr.scope_id(),
337
+
};
338
+
339
+
unsafe {
340
+
ptr::write((&mut storage as *mut libc::sockaddr_storage).cast::<libc::sockaddr_in6>(), in6_addr);
341
+
}
342
+
343
+
(
344
+
libc::AF_INET6,
345
+
storage,
346
+
core::mem::size_of::<libc::sockaddr_in6>() as libc::socklen_t,
347
+
)
348
+
}
349
+
}
350
+
}
351
+
352
+
fn matches_addr_type(addr: IpAddr, addr_type: AddrType) -> bool {
353
+
match (addr, addr_type) {
354
+
(IpAddr::V4(_), AddrType::IPv4) => true,
355
+
(IpAddr::V6(_), AddrType::IPv6) => true,
356
+
(_, AddrType::Either) => true,
357
+
_ => false,
358
+
}
359
+
}
360
+
361
+
fn last_errno() -> i32 {
362
+
unsafe { *libc::__errno_location() }
363
+
}
364
+
365
+
fn write_all_fd(fd: c_int, mut buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), AppError> {
366
+
while !buf.is_empty() {
367
+
let written = unsafe { libc::write(fd, buf.as_ptr().cast::<c_void>(), buf.len()) };
368
+
if written < 0 {
369
+
let errno = last_errno();
370
+
if errno == libc::EINTR {
371
+
continue;
372
+
}
373
+
return Err(AppError::Syscall(errno));
374
+
}
375
+
376
+
let written = written as usize;
377
+
if written == 0 {
378
+
return Err(AppError::Syscall(libc::EIO));
379
+
}
380
+
buf = &buf[written..];
381
+
}
382
+
383
+
Ok(())
384
+
}
385
+
386
+
fn write_stderr(msg: &[u8]) {
387
+
let _ = write_all_fd(libc::STDERR_FILENO, msg);
388
+
}
389
+
390
+
fn report_error(error: AppError) {
391
+
match error {
392
+
AppError::MissingUrl => write_stderr(b"missing url argument\n"),
393
+
AppError::InvalidUtf8 => write_stderr(b"url argument must be valid utf-8\n"),
394
+
AppError::UrlTooLong => write_stderr(b"hostname is too long\n"),
395
+
AppError::NulInHost => write_stderr(b"hostname contains NUL byte\n"),
396
+
AppError::DnsLookupFailed => write_stderr(b"dns lookup failed\n"),
397
+
AppError::AddrTypeMismatch => write_stderr(b"address type mismatch\n"),
398
+
AppError::Syscall(_) => write_stderr(b"linux syscall failed\n"),
399
+
AppError::Http(reqwless::Error::InvalidUrl(_)) => write_stderr(b"invalid url\n"),
400
+
AppError::Http(reqwless::Error::Dns) => write_stderr(b"http dns error\n"),
401
+
AppError::Http(reqwless::Error::BufferTooSmall) => write_stderr(b"response buffer too small\n"),
402
+
AppError::Http(_) => write_stderr(b"http request failed\n"),
403
+
}
404
+
}
405
+
406
+
fn block_on<F>(future: F) -> F::Output
407
+
where
408
+
F: Future,
409
+
{
410
+
let mut future = future;
411
+
let mut future = unsafe { Pin::new_unchecked(&mut future) };
412
+
let waker = unsafe { Waker::from_raw(noop_raw_waker()) };
413
+
let mut context = Context::from_waker(&waker);
414
+
415
+
loop {
416
+
match future.as_mut().poll(&mut context) {
417
+
Poll::Ready(output) => return output,
418
+
Poll::Pending => unsafe {
419
+
let _ = libc::sched_yield();
420
+
},
421
+
}
422
+
}
423
+
}
424
+
425
+
const NOOP_WAKER_VTABLE: RawWakerVTable =
426
+
RawWakerVTable::new(noop_waker_clone, noop_waker_wake, noop_waker_wake_by_ref, noop_waker_drop);
427
+
428
+
const fn noop_raw_waker() -> RawWaker {
429
+
RawWaker::new(ptr::null(), &NOOP_WAKER_VTABLE)
430
+
}
431
+
432
+
unsafe fn noop_waker_clone(_: *const ()) -> RawWaker {
433
+
noop_raw_waker()
434
+
}
435
+
436
+
unsafe fn noop_waker_wake(_: *const ()) {}
437
+
438
+
unsafe fn noop_waker_wake_by_ref(_: *const ()) {}
439
+
440
+
unsafe fn noop_waker_drop(_: *const ()) {}
441
+
442
+
#[panic_handler]
443
+
fn panic(_: &PanicInfo<'_>) -> ! {
444
+
write_stderr(b"panic\n");
445
+
unsafe {
446
+
libc::_exit(101);
447
+
}
448
+
}
449
+
450
+
#[unsafe(no_mangle)]
451
+
extern "C" fn rust_eh_personality() {}