Add error tests for BinaryFragment#Apply
These cover some of the possible errors with delta fragments. Many of
the same tests could be implemented slightly easier by testing the
helper functions, but the infrastructure is already set up to test the
full function.
This is made easier by the bin.go CLI, which can parse and encode binary
patch data. Once parsed, fragments were manipulated with truncate and
dd, encoded, and placed in the patch files.
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