test(sync): freeze datetime in retention tests to fix date-fragility
The zero-byte quarantine test hardcoded day 20260410 and asserted the
.failed dir survived cleanup. Once wall-clock time passed 2026-04-17
that day fell outside the 7-day retention window and cleanup correctly
deleted it, flipping the test red. Freeze sync.datetime.now() to keep
20260410 inside retention, and add a companion test in
TestCleanupFailedSegments covering the kept-within-retention case.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>