feat(oauth-client): wire metadata stage into pipeline with dependency gating
After discovery completes, the metadata stage is now invoked to validate
the discovered metadata document. When discovery fails to fetch metadata,
all metadata checks are emitted as blocked by the discovery stage's
metadata_document_fetchable check. Metadata facts are stashed for
consumption by the JWKS stage in Phase 5.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Haiku 4.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>