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printk: Fix _DESCS_COUNT type for 64-bit systems

The _DESCS_COUNT macro currently uses 1U (32-bit unsigned) instead of
1UL (unsigned long), which breaks the intended overflow testing design
on 64-bit systems.

Problem Analysis:
----------------
The printk_ringbuffer uses a deliberate design choice to initialize
descriptor IDs near the maximum 62-bit value to trigger overflow early
in the system's lifetime. This is documented in printk_ringbuffer.h:

"initial values are chosen that map to the correct initial array
indexes, but will result in overflows soon."

The DESC0_ID macro calculates:
DESC0_ID(ct_bits) = DESC_ID(-(_DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) + 1))

On 64-bit systems with typical configuration (descbits=16):
- Current buggy behavior: DESC0_ID = 0xfffeffff
- Expected behavior: DESC0_ID = 0x3ffffffffffeffff

The buggy version only uses 32 bits, which means:
1. The initial ID is nowhere near 2^62
2. It would take ~140 trillion wraps to trigger 62-bit overflow
3. The overflow handling code is never tested in practice

Root Cause:
----------
The issue is in this line:
#define _DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) (1U << (ct_bits))

When _DESCS_COUNT(16) is calculated:
1U << 16 = 0x10000 (32-bit value)
-(0x10000 + 1) = -0x10001 = 0xFFFEFFFF (32-bit two's complement)

On 64-bit systems, this 32-bit value doesn't get extended to create
the intended 62-bit ID near the maximum value.

Impact:
------
While index calculations still work correctly in the short term, this
bug has several implications:

1. Violates the design intention documented in the code
2. Overflow handling code paths remain untested
3. ABA detection code doesn't get exercised under overflow conditions
4. In extreme long-term running scenarios (though unlikely), could
potentially cause issues when ID actually reaches 2^62

Verification:
------------
Tested on ARM64 system with CONFIG_LOG_BUF_SHIFT=20 (descbits=15):
- Before fix: DESC0_ID(16) = 0xfffeffff
- After fix: DESC0_ID(16) = 0x3fffffffffff7fff

The fix aligns _DESCS_COUNT with _DATA_SIZE, which already correctly
uses 1UL:
#define _DATA_SIZE(sz_bits) (1UL << (sz_bits))

Signed-off-by: feng.zhou <realsummitzhou@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Tested-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20260202094140.9518-1-realsummitzhou@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Petr Mladek <pmladek@suse.com>

authored by

feng.zhou and committed by
Petr Mladek
9095f233 db9571a6

+1 -1
+1 -1
kernel/printk/printk_ringbuffer.h
··· 122 122 }; 123 123 124 124 #define _DATA_SIZE(sz_bits) (1UL << (sz_bits)) 125 - #define _DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) (1U << (ct_bits)) 125 + #define _DESCS_COUNT(ct_bits) (1UL << (ct_bits)) 126 126 #define DESC_SV_BITS BITS_PER_LONG 127 127 #define DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT (DESC_SV_BITS - 2) 128 128 #define DESC_FLAGS_MASK (3UL << DESC_FLAGS_SHIFT)