rust: device: implement Device::parent()
Device::parent() returns a reference to the device' parent device, if
any.
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250414131934.28418-3-dakr@kernel.org
Signed-off-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>